Endometriosis is a chronic condition in which tissue similar to the lining that normally lines the inside of the uterus (the endometrium) is found outside of it, most commonly on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, bladder, or rectum. This tissue responds to hormonal fluctuations of the menstrual cycle, which can lead to inflammation, pain, and in some cases, complications such as infertility.

Each person experiences the condition differently: some may have significant pain, others little to no symptoms. Endometriosis is still poorly understood and underdiagnosed, partly because its symptoms can resemble those of “normal” menstrual conditions. For support, visit the Endometriosis Network of Canada

Who is affected by endometriosis?

It’s estimated that approximately one in ten people assigned female at birth, of reproductive age, has endometriosis. In Canada, this would represent nearly one million people. In Quebec, as elsewhere, diagnostic delays can be lengthy—sometimes several years—as the condition can be difficult to detect without targeted examinations.

What are the possible symptoms?

Symptoms vary from person to person. The most commonly reported include:

  • pelvic pain, especially during menstruation;

  • pain during or after sexual intercourse;

  • pain during urination or bowel movements, especially during periods;

  • significant fatigue, nausea, or bloating;

  • difficulty conceiving.

The severity of symptoms doesn’t necessarily reflect the extent of endometriosis lesions. It’s therefore important to discuss this with a healthcare professional as soon as unusual signs appear. More information about symptoms

How is endometriosis detected?

The diagnostic process generally begins with a discussion with the doctor about symptoms experienced, followed by a physical examination. If endometriosis is suspected, the doctor may recommend imaging, particularly an endovaginal ultrasound.

Endovaginal (or transvaginal) ultrasound is a non-invasive examination performed using a small probe inserted into the vagina. It allows visualization of the ovaries, uterus, bladder, and surrounding structures. It can help identify certain signs of endometriosis, such as cysts called endometriomas or nodules located in deep areas of the pelvis. However, a normal ultrasound doesn’t always rule out endometriosis, and additional examinations may sometimes be necessary, depending on the case.

In certain situations, other examinations such as pelvic MRI may be considered. And when symptoms persist despite treatment, laparoscopy (exploratory surgery) may be proposed. It’s always up to the doctor to determine the best option based on the patient’s situation.

What are the treatment options?

There is no single solution for endometriosis. The treatment plan is adapted to each person according to their symptoms, fertility plans, and preferences. Possible approaches include:

  • medications to relieve pain or modulate the hormonal cycle;

  • non-medication interventions such as pelvic physiotherapy or psychological support;

  • in some cases, conservative surgery aimed at removing lesions.

 

Medical follow-up is essential to evaluate symptom progression and adjust treatment as needed.

In conclusion

Endometriosis is a common condition, but still too little known. If you experience significant menstrual pain or other symptoms that affect your quality of life, don’t hesitate to discuss this with your healthcare professional. They can evaluate the situation and determine if imaging examination is indicated.

At Radimed, we offer pelvic ultrasound, including endovaginal ultrasound, when prescribed by a healthcare professional.

If you have a referral from your healthcare professional, you can book an appointment by clicking here.